(Solved by Humans)-Problem 18-58 ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING AND CUSTOMER-DRIVEN COSTS Sorensen Manufacturing produces...

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Problem 18-58  ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING AND CUSTOMER-DRIVEN  COSTS Sorensen Manufacturing produces several types of bolts used in aircrafts. The bolts are produced in batches according to customer orders. Although there are a variety of bolts, they can be grouped into three product families. Because the product families are used in different kinds of aircraft, customers also can be grouped into three categories, corre- sponding to the product family that they purchase. The number of units sold to each cus- tomer class is the same. The selling prices for the three product families range  from $0.50 to $0.80 per unit. Historically, the costs of order entry, processing, and handling were expensed and not traced to individual customer groups. These costs are not trivial and totaled $4,500,000 for the most recent year. Furthermore, these costs had been increasing over time. Recently, the company started emphasizing a cost reduction strat- egy; however, any cost reduction decisions had to contribute to the creation of a compet- itive advantage. Because of the magnitude and growth of order-filling costs, management decided to explore the causes of these costs. They discovered that order-filling costs were driven by the number of customer orders processed. Further investigation revealed the following cost behavior for the order-filling activity:   Step-fixed cost component: $50,000 per step (2,000 orders define a step)* Variable cost component: $20 per  order * Sorensen currently has sufficient steps to process 100,000 orders.   The expected customer orders for the year total 100,000. The expected usage of the order-filling activity and the average size of an order by customer category follow:     Category I            Category II        Category III Number of orders 50,000 30,000 20,000 Average order size 600 1,000 1,500   As a result of cost behavior analysis, the marketing manager recommended the imposi- tion of a charge per customer order. The president of the company concurred. The charge was implemented by adding the cost per order to the price of each order (com- puted by using the projected ordering costs and expected orders). This ordering cost was then reduced as the size of the order increased and was eliminated as the order size reached 2,000 units (the marketing manager indicated that any penalties imposed for orders greater than this size would lose sales from some of the smaller customers). Within a short period of communicating this new price information to customers, the av- erage order size for all three product families increased to 2,000 units.   Required: 1.     Sorensen traditionally has expensed order-filling costs. What is the most likely rea- son for this practice? 2.     Calculate the cost per order for each customer category. Round to two   decimal places. 3.     Calculate the reduction in order-filling costs produced by the change in pricing strategy (assume that resource spending is reduced as much as possible and that the total units sold remain unchanged). Explain how exploiting customer activity infor- mation produced this cost reduction. Would any other internal activities benefit  from this pricing strategy?